*
| Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%.(1)
| Dr. Shendelman is also a director and named executive officer. Includes (a) 364,286 shares of Common Stock held by Dr. Shendelman, (b) 88,397 shares held by Clearpoint Strategy Group LLC, of which Dr. Shendelman is the sole owner, (c) 1,492,094 shares of Common Stock held by Sycamore Family I LLC, of which Dr. Shendelman’s spouse, Vladimir Shendelman, is the sole manager, (d) 1,750,000 shares held by Sycamore 2022 GRAT, over which Dr. Shendelman holds sole voting and dispositive power as the Investment Advisor, (e) 290,280 shares held by Ginko Family LLC, of which Dr. Shendelman is the sole manager, (f) 709,720 shares held by Vladimir Shendelman, Dr. Shendelman’s spouse, and (g) 2,663,266 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days. |
(2)(1)
| Based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (“ARE”), Alexandria Venture Investments, LLC (“AVI”) and Alexandria Equities No. 7, LLC (“AE7”, and collectively with ARE and AVI, the “Alexandria Entities”) on June 29, 2022, (i) AVI directly holds 4,555,077 shares of Common Stock, Pre-Funded Warrants (as defined in the Schedule 13G/A) exercisable for 885,000 shares of Common Stock (subject to the below), and Common Stock Warrants (as defined in the Schedule 13G/A and together with the Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Warrants”) exercisable for 2,950,000 shares of Common Stock (subject to the below); and (ii) AE7 directly holds 2,378,977 shares of Common Stock, with Pre-Funded Warrants exercisable for 615,000 shares of Common Stock (subjectFebruary 14, 2024, |
TABLE OF CONTENTS (i) AVI directly holds 6,155,077 shares of common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants (as defined in the Schedule 13G/A) exercisable for 1,500,000 shares of common stock (subject to the below), and Common Stockcommon stock Warrants (as defined in the Schedule 13G/A and together with the Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Warrants”) exercisable for 2,950,000 shares of common stock (subject to the below); and (ii) AE7 directly holds 203,977 shares of common stock and common stock Warrants exercisable for 2,050,000 shares of Common Stockcommon stock (subject to the below). Each of AVI and AE7 are indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of ARE and, accordingly, ARE may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power with AVI and AE7 with respect to the shares reported herein. The share numbers set forth in this table represent the maximum number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants held by the Alexandria Entities as a result of the beneficial ownership provision described in the following sentence. Under the terms of the Warrants, the Warrants may not be exercised to the extent such exercise would cause the holder (together with its affiliates, any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder’s affiliates, and any other persons whose beneficial ownership of Common Stock would or could be aggregated with the holder’s for purposes of Section 13(d) or Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) to beneficially own more than 19.99% of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Therefore, as of the Record Date, the Alexandria Entities collectively directly hold 6,934,054 shares of Common Stock, and the Warrants held by them are currently exercisable for an aggregate of 3,331,191 shares of our Common Stock. One of our directors, Joel S. Marcus, is the Executive Chairman and founder of Alexandria, the managing member of AVI and the parent company of ARE-QRS Corp., which is the general partner of Alexandria Real Estate Equities L.P., which is the managing member of ARE-Special Services, LLC, which is the managing member of Alexandria Equities. As Executive Chairman and founder of Alexandria, Mr. Marcus may be deemed to have voting and investment power with respect to the shares owned by the Alexandria Entities. Mr. Marcus disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by the Alexandria Entities. The address for the Alexandria Entities is 26 North Euclid Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101. (2)
| Based on information received by the Company on March 6, 2024, (i) Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners EG, L.P. holds 7,928,536 shares of common stock and 15,039,131 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants, (ii) Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners III, L.P. holds 1,042,218 shares of common stock and 5,562,447 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants and (iii) VHCP Co-Investment Holdings III, LLC holds 104,246 shares of common stock and 556,456 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants. Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners EG, L.P., Venrock Healthcare Capital Partners III, L.P. and VHCP Co-Investment Holdings III, LLC are together referred to as the “Venrock Entities.” The warrants are subject to a beneficial ownership limitation that precludes the Perceptive Entities from exercising any portion of them to the extent that, following the exercise, the Venrock Entities’ beneficial ownership of common stock would exceed 9.99% of the total number of outstanding shares. The address of the aforementioned entities is 7 Bryant Park, 23rd Floor, New York, NY 10018. |
(3)
| BasedAs reported on the Schedule 13G offiled by Franklin Resources Inc. (“Franklin Resources”), filed with the SEC on July 8, 2022. According to the Schedule 13G,Charles B. Johnson, Rupert H. Johnson, Jr., Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“Franklin Advisers” and together with Franklin Resources and Mesrrs. Johnson, the “Franklin Entities”) filed February 6, 2024, and information received by the Company on March 4, 2024, Franklin Advisers has the sole power to vote 4,775,4847,793,912 shares and the sole power to dispose of 4,775,4847,793,912 shares. The Franklin Entities also hold, through Franklin Strategic Series – Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund and Franklin Templeton Investment Funds – Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, 1,628,100 and 3,371,900 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants, respectively. The warrants are subject to a beneficial ownership limitation that precludes the Franklin Entities from exercising any portion of them to the extent that, following the exercise, the Franklin Entities’ beneficial ownership of common stock would exceed 9.99% of the total number of outstanding shares. Between March 1, 2024 and March 11, 2024, the Franklin Entities exercised 2,500,000 pre-funded warrants and 5,000,000 warrants for 7,500,000 shares of common stock. The address for the Franklin Resources, Inc.Entities is One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403. |
(4)
| Includes 93,192Based on information received by the Company on March 11, 2024 and a Schedule 13G/A filed by Perceptive Advisors LLC (“Perceptive Advisors”), Joseph Edelman and Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund, Ltd. (“Perceptive Fund” and, together with Perceptive Advisors and Mr. Edelman, the “Perceptive Entities”) on February 14, 2024, the Perceptive Entities are the beneficial owners of 8,005,003 shares of Common Stock underlyingcommon stock and 2,000,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants. The warrants are subject to a beneficial ownership limitation that precludes the Perceptive Entities from exercising any portion of them to the extent that, following the exercise, the Perceptive Entities’ beneficial ownership of common stock would exceed 9.99% of the total number of outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days.shares. The address for the Perceptive Entities is 51 Astor Place, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10003. |
(5)
| Dr. Shendelman is also a director and named executive officer. Includes 52,690(a) 1,022,027 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days. |
(6)
| Includes 76,631common stock held by Dr. Shendelman, (b) 88,397 shares held by Clearpoint Strategy Group LLC, of which Dr. Shendelman is the sole owner, (c) 1,492,094 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days. |
(7)
| Includes 39,619common stock held by Sycamore Family I LLC, of which Dr. Shendelman’s spouse, Vladimir Shendelman, is the sole manager, (d) 1,750,000 shares held by Sycamore 2020 GRAT, over which Dr. Shendelman holds sole voting and dispositive power over such shares as the Investment Advisor, (e) 290,280 shares held by Ginko Family LLC, of which Dr. Shendelman is the sole manager, (f) 709,720 shares held by Vladimir Shendelman, Dr. Shendelman’s spouse, (g) 3,039,545 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days. |
(8)
| Includes 470,599 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days. |
(9)
| Dr. Silberstein resigned as Chief Financial Officer effective January 28, 2022. |
(10)
| Includes 52,690 shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days. |
(11)
| Includes an aggregate of 3,448,687 shares of Common Stockcommon stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days of April 10, 2024 and (h) 71,875 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
(6)
| Based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by Propel Bio Management, LLC (“Propel Bio Management”) on February 22, 2024, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the state of Delaware, Leen Kawas (“Kawas”), Richard Kayne and Suzanne Kayne Living Trust, a trust organized under the laws of the state of California (“RKSK Trust”), Richard Kayne (“Kayne”) and Propel Bio Partners LLC (“Propel Bio Partners” and, together with Propel Bio Management, Kawas, RKSK Trust and Kayne, the “Propel Entities”), the Propel Entities are the beneficial owners of 8,071,526 shares of common stock. The address for the Propel Entities is 340 Madison Avenue, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10173. |
(7)
| Based on information received by the Company on March 7, 2024, (i) Janus Henderson Biotech Innovation Master Fund Limited holds 6,128,928 shares of common stock and (ii) Janus Henderson Horizon Fund – Biotechnology Fund holds 285,714 shares of common stock. The address of the aforementioned entities and individuals is 151 Detroit Street, Denver, CO 80206. |
(8)
| Based on information received by the Company on March 6, 2024, 5,779,687 shares of common stock are owned or may be deemed owned by the Knoll Family Trust, Gakasa Holdings, LLC, a Florida limited liability company and Fred Knoll. The Knoll Family Trust holds voting and investment power for 5,799,687 shares of common stock, which are currently held by GAKASA Holdings LLC. The address for the Knoll Family Trust is 17749 Collins Ave PH45, Sunny Isles, FL 33160. |
(9)
| Includes 104,192 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days of April 10, 2024 and 30,000 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
(10)
| Includes 63,690 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days of April 10, 2024 and 5,000 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
(11)
| Includes 87,631 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of April 10, 2024 and 5,000 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
(12)
| Includes 5,000 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
(13)
| Includes 63,690 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days on April 10, 2024 and 5,000 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
(14)
| Includes 300,748 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days of April 10, 2024 and 12,500 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS (15)
| Includes 621,790 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days of April 10, 2024 and 22,917 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024. |
(16)
| Includes an aggregate of (a) 4,281,286 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options that are immediately exercisable or will be immediately exercisable within 60 days and (b) 157,292 restricted stock units that will settle within 60 days of April 10, 2024, held by eight executive officers and directors. |
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s directors, executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file reports of securities ownership and changes in such ownership with the SEC. Directors, executive officers and greater than ten percent shareholders also are required by SEC rules to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based upon a review of copies of such forms furnished to the Company and written representations provided by the reporting persons, the Company believes that all Section 16(a) filing requirements were timely met in 2023, except for one Form 3 and one Form 4 for Constantine Chinoporos reporting his appointment as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Business Officer and a grant of compensatory restricted stock units, respectively, that were filed late due to administrative error. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION Our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2023, consisting of our principal executive officer and our two other most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as of December 31, 2023, are as follows: Shoshana Shendelman, Ph.D., our President and Chief Executive Officer;
Riccardo Perfetti, M.D., Ph.D., our Chief Medical Officer; and
Adam Hansard, our Chief Commercial Officer. Summary Compensation Table The following table provides information regarding the compensation earned by our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2023. Shoshana Shendelman, Ph.D.
President and Chief Executive Officer
| | | 2023 | | | 630,000 | | | 315,000 | | | 8,547,136 | | | — | | | 1,077 | | | 9,493,213 | | 2022 | | | 588,473 | | | 225,000 | | | 504,153 | | | 1,404,667 | | | — | | | 2,722,293 | Riccardo Perfetti, M.D., Ph.D.
Chief Medical Officer
| | | 2023 | | | 550,000 | | | 300,000 | | | 2,182,500 | | | — | | | 10,761 | | | 3,043,261 | | 2022 | | | 525,000 | | | 315,000 | | | 200,994 | | | 364,845 | | | 18,000 | | | 1,405,839 | Adam Hansard
Chief Commercial Officer
| | | 2023 | | | 500,000 | | | 200,000 | | | 1,753,000 | | | — | | | 21,268 | | | 2,474,268 | | 2022 | | | 475,000 | | | 250,000 | | | 132,189 | | | 306,157 | | | 17,656 | | | 1,163,346 |
(1)
| Salary amounts represent actual amounts paid during the applicable year. See “- Narrative to the Summary Compensation Table - Annual Base Salary” below for more information. |
(2)
| The amounts in this column represent the discretionary annual cash bonus paid with respect to the applicable year. For her 2022 performance, Dr. Shendelman received a bonus payable in equal parts cash and RSUs vested in full as of the date of grant. A total of $225,000 of this bonus was payable in cash, 50% of which was paid in January 2023 and 50% of which was paid in June 2023. |
(3)
| In accordance with SEC rules, this column reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of the applicable equity awards granted during the applicable year computed in accordance with ASC 718 for stock-based compensation transactions. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note 7, “Stock-Based Compensation” to our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. |
(4)
| The amounts represent matching contributions made by us to the named executive officer’s 401(k) plan account. |
Narrative to the Summary Compensation Table We review compensation annually for all employees, including our named executive officers. In setting executive base salaries and bonuses and granting equity incentive awards, we consider compensation for comparable positions in the market, the historical compensation levels of our executives, individual performance as compared to our expectations and objectives, our desire to motivate our employees to achieve short- and long-term results that are in the best interests of our stockholders and a long-term commitment to our company. Annual Base Salary Base salaries for our executive officers are initially established through arm’s-length negotiations at the time of the executive officer’s hiring, taking into account such executive officer’s qualifications, experience, the scope of his or her responsibilities and competitive market compensation paid by other companies for similar positions within the industry and geography. Base salaries are reviewed annually, typically in connection with our annual performance review process, and adjusted from time to time to realign salaries with market levels after taking into account individual responsibilities, performance and experience. In making decisions regarding salary increases, we may also draw upon the experience of members of our board of directors with executives at other companies. The 2023 annual base salaries for our named executive officers were as follows: (a) $630,000 for Dr. Shendelman, (b) $550,000 for Dr. Perfetti and (c) $500,000 for Mr. Hansard. In December 2023, the compensation committee met and, after considering input from management, the compensation committee’s third party compensation consultant and considering relevant company and individual performance, determined to increase annual base salaries for our named executive officers effective on January 1, 2024 as follows: (a) $665,000 for Dr. Shendelman, (b) $580,000 for Dr. Perfetti and (c) $525,000 for Mr. Hansard. TABLE OF CONTENTS Bonus Our named executive officers are eligible to receive discretionary annual bonuses based on individual performance, company performance or as otherwise determined appropriate by our compensation committee. In December 2023, the compensation committee met and, after considering input from management, the compensation committee’s third party compensation consultant and considering relevant company and individual performance, determined to award a cash bonus of (a) $315,000 to Dr. Shendelman, (b) $300,000 to Dr. Perfetti and (c) $200,000 to Mr. Hansard in respect of 2023. Equity Award Grants Our equity-based incentive awards are designed to align our interests and those of our stockholders with those of our employees and consultants, including our named executive officers. In December 2023, the compensation committee met and, after considering input from management, the compensation committee’s third party compensation consultant and considering relevant company and individual performance, determined to award a restricted stock unit award to Dr. Shendelman relating to 2,200,000 shares of our common stock, a total of (i) 50% of which will vest in installments based on her continued employment over a four year period following the grant date and (ii) 50% of which will vest in installments based on her continued employment over a four year period following the grant date and the satisfaction of performance-based requirements relating to (a) achievement of a $6.00 stock price over a consecutive 20-day trading period and (b) other performance requirements relating to the United States Food and Drug Administration’s acceptance and approval of our new drug applications relating to Galactosemia and Sorbitol Dehydrogenase, subject to Dr. Shendelman’s continued employment. In addition to Dr. Shendelman’s award, at its December 2023 meeting the compensation committee approved annual long term incentive awards to our executives, including RSU awards in the amount of (a) $450,000 to Dr. Perfetti and (b) $400,000 to Mr. Hansard in respect of 2024, subject to each executive’s continued employment. The terms of this grant and the other grants made by the compensation committee in 2023 and prior years are detailed below in the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table below. Except as detailed above, our stock option awards and our restricted stock unit awards generally vest over a four-year period subject to continued employment, and in each case may be subject to acceleration of vesting and exercisability under certain termination and change in control events. Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End The following table provides information regarding the outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2023. Shoshana Shendelman, Ph.D.
President and Chief Executive Officer
| | | 3/8/18 | | | 539,585 | | | — | | | 1.44 | | | 3/7/28 | | | — | | | — | | 3/18/19(1) | | | 948,894 | | | — | | | 4.70 | | | 3/17/29 | | | — | | | — | | 5/13/19(2) | | | 767,349 | | | — | | | 1.05 | | | 5/13/29 | | | — | | | — | | 12/16/19(3) | | | 23,317 | | | — | | | 1.05 | | | 12/15/29 | | | — | | | — | | 12/16/19 | | | 209,000 | | | — | | | 1.05 | | | 12/16/29 | | | — | | | — | | 12/10/20(4) | | | 192,637 | | | 64,213 | | | 1.05 | | | 12/9/30 | | | — | | | — | | 12/14/21(5) | | | 40,300 | | | 40,300 | | | 1.05 | | | 12/14/31 | | | — | | | — | | 12/14/21(6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 60,448 | | | 202,501 | | 1/7/22(13) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 68,004 | | | 227,813 | | 1/7/22(7) | | | 38,620 | | | 41,980 | | | 1.05 | | | 1/7/32 | | | — | | | — | | 1/25/22(8) | | | 234,616 | | | — | | | 1.05 | | | 1/25/32 | | | — | | | — | | 1/11/23(9) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,725,000 | | | 5,778,750 | | 12/21/23(10) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,100,000 | | | 3,685,000 | | 12/21/23(11) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,100,000 | | | 3,499,342 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS Riccardo Perfetti, M.D., Ph.D.
Chief Medical Officer
| | | 12/17/18 | | | 93,874 | | | — | | | 1.44 | | | 12/16/28 | | | — | | | — | | 3/18/19(12) | | | 133,812 | | | — | | | 4.70 | | | 3/17/29 | | | — | | | — | | 5/13/19(2) | | | 170,522 | | | — | | | 1.05 | | | 5/13/29 | | | — | | | — | | 12/16/19(3) | | | 80,000 | | | — | | | 1.05 | | | 12/16/29 | | | — | | | — | | 12/10/20(4) | | | 69,150 | | | 23,050 | | | 1.05 | | | 12/10/30 | | | — | | | — | | 12/14/21(5) | | | 16,050 | | | 16,050 | | | 1.05 | | | 12/14/31 | | | — | | | — | | 12/14/21(6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 24,097 | | | 80,725 | | 1/7/22(13) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 27,110 | | | 90,819 | | 1/7/22(7) | | | 15,381 | | | 16,719 | | | 1.05 | | | 1/7/32 | | | — | | | — | | 4/13/22(15) | | | 20,833 | | | 29,167 | | | 1.05 | | | 4/13/32 | | | — | | | — | | 1/11/23(9) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1/7/32 | | | 550,000 | | | 1,842,500 | | 12/21/23(14) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4/13/32 | | | 450,000 | | | 1,507,500 | Adam Hansard
Chief Commercial Officer
| | | 3/9/20 | | | 168,211 | | | 11,214 | | | 1.05 | | | 3/9/30 | | | — | | | — | | 3/9/20 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 9,116 | | | 30,539 | | 12/10/20(4) | | | 61,275 | | | 20,425 | | | 1.05 | | | 12/10/30 | | | — | | | — | | 12/14/21(5) | | | 10,550 | | | 10,550 | | | 1.05 | | | 12/14/31 | | | — | | | — | | 12/14/21(6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15,848 | | | 53,091 | | 1/7/22(10) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 17,829 | | | 59,727 | | 1/7/22(7) | | | 10,110 | | | 10,990 | | | 1.05 | | | 1/7/32 | | | — | | | — | | 4/13/22(15) | | | 20,833 | | | 29,167 | | | 1.05 | | | 4/13/32 | | | — | | | — | | 1/11/23(9) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 300,000 | | | 1,005,000 | | 12/21/23(14) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 400,000 | | | 1,340,000 |
(1)
| One-third of this option vested on each of April 22, 2019 and March 18, 2020, and the remainder vested on March 18, 2021. |
(2)
| One-fourth of this option vested on May 13, 2020, and the remainder vested monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(3)
| One-fourth of this option vested on December 16, 2020, and the remainder vested monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(4)
| One-fourth of this option vested on December 10, 2021, and the remainder vests monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(5)
| One-fourth of this option vested on December 14, 2022, and the remainder vests monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(6)
| One-fourth of these restricted stock units vested on December 14, 2022, and the remainder vests in equal quarterly installments over the following three-year period, subject to continued service through each such date. Aggregate value reflects the closing market price of Company stock on December 29, 2023, the last trading day of the year, of $3.35 per share. |
(7)
| One-fourth of this option vested on January 7, 2023, and the remainder vests monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments until January 7, 2026, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(8)
| This option vested immediately after grant on January 25, 2022. |
(9)
| One-fourth of these restricted stock units vested on January 11, 2024, and the remainder vests monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(10)
| One-fourth of these restricted stock units will vest on December 21, 2024, and the remainder vests quarterly thereafter in one twelfth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(11)
| One-fourth of these restricted stock units will vest on December 21, 2024, and the remainder vests quarterly thereafter in one twelfth increments, subject to continued service through each such date and satisfaction of (i) with respect to 40% of such restricted stock units, the performance-based vesting requirement that our stock price trades at or above $6.00 per share for twenty consecutive trading days during the four-year performance period, (ii) with respect to 30% of such restricted stock units, a performance-based vesting requirement relating to the acceptance and approval of our new drug application relating to Galactosemia and (iii) with respect to 30% of such restricted stock units, a performance-based vesting requirement relating to the acceptance and approval of our new drug application relating to Sorbitol Dehydrogenase. |
(12)
| One-third of this option vested on March 18, 2019 and the remainder vested monthly thereafter until March 18, 2021. |
(13)
| One-fourth of these restricted stock units vested on January 7, 2023, and the remainder vests quarterly thereafter in one twelfth increments until January 7, 2026, subject to continued service through each such date. |
(14)
| One-fourth of these restricted stock units will vest on December 21, 2024, and the remainder vests monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS (15)
| One-fourth of this option vested on April 13, 2023, and the remainder will vest monthly thereafter in one thirty-sixth increments, subject to continued service through each such date. |
Employment Arrangements Below are descriptions of our employment agreements with our named executive officers. The agreements generally provide for at-will employment without any specific term and set forth the named executive officer’s initial base salary and eligibility for employee benefits. The key terms of the offer letters and employment agreements with our named executive officers, including potential payments upon termination or change in control, are described below. Additionally, each of our named executive officers is entitled to certain severance benefits pursuant to the officer’s agreement, the terms of which are described under “- Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination or Change in Control” below. Each of our named executive officers has executed a form of our standard confidential information and inventions assignment agreement. Agreement with Shoshana Shendelman In March 2020, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Shendelman. Pursuant to her employment agreement, Dr. Shendelman is entitled to an annual base salary, which is currently $665,000 following an increase which became effective on January 1, 2024), and is eligible to receive an annual performance and retention bonus of up to 50% of her annual base salary. Additionally, Dr. Shendelman is entitled to certain severance benefits pursuant to her agreement, the terms of which are described under “- Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination or Change in Control” below. Agreement with Riccardo Perfetti In August 2019, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Perfetti, which we subsequently amended in March 2020. Pursuant to his employment agreement, Dr. Perfetti is entitled to an annual base salary, which is currently $580,000 following an increase which became effective on January 1, 2024 and a discretionary annual bonus. Additionally, Dr. Perfetti is entitled to certain severance benefits pursuant to his agreement, the terms of which are described under “- Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination or Change in Control” below. Agreement with Adam Hansard In March 2020, Mr. Hansard was provided an offer letter setting forth the terms of his employment. Pursuant to his employment letter, Mr. Hansard is entitled to an annual base salary, which is currently $525,000 following an increase which became effective on January 1, 2024), and is eligible to receive an annual performance and retention bonus of up to 40% of his annual base salary. Additionally, Mr. Hansard is entitled to certain severance benefits pursuant to his agreement, the terms of which are described under “- Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination or Change in Control” below. Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination or Change in Control Regardless of the manner in which a named executive officer’s employment with us terminates, the named executive officer is entitled to receive amounts earned during their term of service, including salary and accrued unused vacation pay. In addition, each named executive officer is eligible for the following payments and benefits upon a qualifying termination of employment or a change in control: Shoshana Shendelman Pursuant to the terms of Dr. Shendelman’s employment agreement, upon a qualifying termination of her employment by the Company without “cause” (including as a result of her death or disability) or by Dr. Shendelman for “good reason” (in each case as such terms are defined in Dr. Shendelman’s employment agreement), subject to her (or her estate’s, as applicable) execution of a release of claims in favor of the Company. The severance payments and benefits consist of (i) 12 months of base salary continuation, (ii) a lump sum target annual bonus payment, (iii) continued payment for the cost of health care coverage for 12 months and (iv) accelerated vesting of any then-unvested shares subject to an outstanding option. TABLE OF CONTENTS Dr. Shendelman’s employment agreement further provides that, notwithstanding anything in her employment agreement, any equity plan of the Company or any award agreement to the contrary, in the event of a “change in control” (as defined in the 2019 Plan), Dr. Shendelman’s then-unvested outstanding equity awards will become fully vested (and exercisable, as applicable) as of the date of such change in control. Riccardo Perfetti Pursuant to Dr. Perfetti’s employment agreement, if in the event of a qualifying termination, which includes an involuntary termination without “cause,” a “resignation for good reason” and termination due to death or disability, Dr. Perfetti will be eligible to receive at least (i) 12 months of his monthly base salary plus his target annual bonus, (ii) 12 months of payments equal to the monthly cost of his health insurance premiums at the time of termination, and (iii) accelerated vesting of any then-unvested shares subject to an outstanding option, subject to his execution of a separation agreement and general release of claims in favor of our company. In addition, notwithstanding anything in his employment agreement, any equity plan of the Company or any award agreement to the contrary, in the event of a “change in control” (as defined in the 2019 Plan), Dr. Perfetti’s then-unvested outstanding equity awards will become fully vested (and exercisable, as applicable) as of the date of such change in control. Adam Hansard Pursuant to Mr. Hansard’s employment letter, if in the event of a qualifying termination, which includes an involuntary termination without “cause,” a “resignation for good reason” and termination due to death or disability, Mr. Hansard will be eligible to receive (i) 9 months of his monthly base salary, (ii) a pro-rated target bonus for the year of termination and (iii) 9 months of payments equal to the monthly cost of his health insurance premiums at the time of termination, subject to his execution of a general release of claims in favor of our company. In addition, notwithstanding anything in his employment letter, any equity plan of the Company or any award agreement to the contrary, in the event of a “change in control” (as defined in the 2019 Plan), Mr. Hansard’s then-unvested outstanding equity awards will become fully vested (and exercisable, as applicable) as of the date of such change in control. Health and Welfare and Retirement Benefits; Perquisites Our named executive officers are eligible to participate in our employee benefit plans, including our medical, dental, vision, disability and life insurance plans, in each case on the same basis as all of our other employees. We generally do not provide perquisites or personal benefits to our named executive officers, except in limited circumstances. 401(k) Plan Our named executive officers are eligible to participate in a defined contribution retirement plan that provides eligible U.S. employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax advantaged basis. Eligible employees may defer eligible compensation on a pre-tax or after-tax (Roth) basis, up to the statutorily prescribed annual limits on contributions under the Code. Contributions are allocated to each participant’s individual account and are then invested in selected investment alternatives according to the participants’ directions. We currently make matching contributions into the 401(k) plan on behalf of participants equal to 100% on participant contributions up to 3% of their compensation and 50% on participant contributions up to an additional 2% of their compensation. Participants are immediately and fully vested in their contributions. The 401(k) plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the 401(k) plan’s related trust intended to be tax-exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. As a tax-qualified retirement plan, contributions to the 401(k) plan (except for Roth contributions) and earnings on those contributions are not taxable to the employees until distributed from the 401(k) plan. Our board of directors may elect to adopt qualified or nonqualified benefit plans in the future, if it determines that doing so is in our best interests. Equity Incentive Plans 2019 Equity Incentive Plan Our board of directors adopted our 2019 Plan on April 24, 2019 and our stockholders approved our 2019 Plan on April 26, 2019. Our 2019 Plan is a successor to and continuation of the 2016 Plan. The 2019 Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS became effective upon, and no stock awards were granted under the 2019 Plan until, after the date of the underwriting agreement related to our Initial Public Offering on May 16, 2019 (the “IPO”). Upon the 2019 Plan’s effectiveness, no further grants were made under the 2016 Plan. Our 2019 Plan was amended, effective as of February 8, 2024, to provide that any (i) reduction of the exercise, purchase or strike price of any outstanding stock award; (ii) cancellation of any outstanding stock award and the grant in substitution therefor of a new stock award, or (iii) any other action that is treated as a repricing under generally accepted accounting principles shall require the approval of the holders of a majority of the shares that are present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at any annual or special meeting of our shareholders subject to any higher requirements as to quorum or majority provided by applicable law. Stock Awards. Our 2019 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, or ISOs, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, to employees, including employees of any parent or subsidiary, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, or NSOs, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards, performance cash awards and other forms of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of our affiliates. Authorized Shares. Initially, the maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2019 Plan is 4,530,000 shares, which is the sum of (1) 1,618,813 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares (not to exceed 2,911,187 shares) (i) that remain available for the issuance of awards under the 2016 Plan at the time our 2019 Plan became effective, and (ii) any shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that were granted under the 2016 Plan that (A) terminate or expire prior to exercise or settlement; (B) are forfeited because of the failure to vest; or (C) are reacquired or withheld (or not issued) to satisfy a tax withholding obligation or the purchase or exercise price. In addition, the number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2019 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, starting on January 1, 2020 through January 1, 2029, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of our capital stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of each automatic increase, or a lesser number of shares determined by our board of directors. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued on the exercise of ISOs under our 2019 Plan is 13,000,000 shares. Share Reserve. As of December 31, 2023, there were no shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan, covering both the 2019 Plan and the 2016 Plan. Following the effects of the 2019 Plan’s evergreen provisions, 4,243,292 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan on January 1, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, Options to purchase 2,846,283 shares of common stock, at exercise prices of 1.05 per share, or a weighted-average exercise price of $1.05 per share, were outstanding under the 2019 Plan. As of December 31, 2023, Options to purchase 1,849,336 shares of common stock, at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $4.70 per share, or a weighted-average exercise price of $3.81 per share, were outstanding under the 2016 Plan. Shares subject to stock awards granted under our 2019 Plan that expire or terminate without being exercised in full or that are paid out in cash rather than in shares do not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under our 2019 Plan. If any shares of common stock issued pursuant to a stock award are forfeited back to or repurchased or reacquired by us for any reason, the shares that are forfeited or repurchased or reacquired will revert to and again become available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. Any shares reacquired in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations or as consideration for the exercise or purchase price of a stock award will again become available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. The maximum number of shares of common stock subject to stock awards granted under the 2019 Plan or otherwise during any one calendar year to any non-employee director, taken together with any cash fees paid by us to such non-employee director during such calendar year for service on the board of directors, will not exceed $750,000 in total value (calculating the value of any such stock awards based on the grant date fair value of such stock awards for financial reporting purposes), or, with respect to the calendar year in which a non-employee director is first appointed or elected to our board of directors, $1,100,000. Plan Administration. The compensation committee of our board of directors has generally administered the 2019 Plan and is referred to as the “plan administrator” herein. The compensation committee of our board of directors may also delegate to one or more of our officers the authority to (1) designate employees (other than officers) to receive specified stock awards and (2) determine the number of shares subject to such stock awards. TABLE OF CONTENTS Under our 2019 Plan, our board of directors has the authority to determine award recipients, grant dates, the numbers and types of stock awards to be granted, the applicable fair market value, and the provisions of each stock award, including the period of exercisability and the vesting schedule applicable to a stock award. Under the 2019 Plan, as amended, the board of directors may not effect (1) the reduction of the exercise, purchase, or strike price of any outstanding award; (2) the cancellation of any outstanding award and the grant in substitution therefore of other awards, cash, or other consideration; or (3) any other action that is treated as a repricing under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, without the approval of the holders of a majority of the shares that are present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at any annual or special meeting of our shareholders subject to any higher requirements as to quorum or majority provided by applicable law. Stock Options. ISOs and NSOs are granted under stock option agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for stock options, within the terms and conditions of the 2019 Plan; provided that the exercise price of a stock option generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2019 Plan vest at the rate specified in the stock option agreement as determined by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the term of stock options granted under the 2019 Plan, up to a maximum of ten (10) years. Unless the terms of an optionholder’s stock option agreement provide otherwise, if an optionholder’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases for any reason other than disability, death, or cause, the optionholder may generally exercise any vested options for a period of three months following the cessation of service. This period may be extended in the event that exercise of the option is prohibited by applicable securities laws or our insider trading policy. If an optionholder’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases due to death, or an optionholder dies within a certain period following cessation of service, the optionholder or a beneficiary may generally exercise any vested options for a period of 18 months following the date of death. If an optionholder’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases due to disability, the optionholder may generally exercise any vested options for a period of 12 months following the cessation of service. In the event of a termination for cause, options generally terminate upon the termination date. In no event may an option be exercised beyond the expiration of its term. Acceptable consideration for the purchase of common stock issued upon the exercise of a stock option will be determined by the plan administrator and may include (1) cash, check, bank draft or money order, (2) a broker-assisted cashless exercise, (3) the tender of shares of our common stock previously owned by the optionholder, (4) a net exercise of the option if it is an NSO or (5) other legal consideration approved by the plan administrator. Unless the plan administrator provides otherwise, options generally are not transferable except by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Subject to approval of the plan administrator or a duly authorized officer in each case, (i) an option may be transferred pursuant to a domestic relations order, official marital settlement agreement, or other divorce or separation instrument and (ii) an optionholder may designate a beneficiary who may exercise the option following the optionholder’s death. Tax Limitations on ISOs. The aggregate fair market value, determined at the time of grant, of our common stock with respect to ISOs that are exercisable for the first time by an award holder during any calendar year under all of our stock plans may not exceed $100,000. Options or portions thereof that exceed such limit will generally be treated as NSOs. No ISO may be granted to any person who, at the time of the grant, owns or is deemed to own stock possessing more than 10% of our total combined voting power or that of any of our affiliates unless (1) the option exercise price is at least 110% of the fair market value of the stock subject to the option on the date of grant, and (2) the term of the ISO does not exceed five years from the date of grant. Restricted Stock Unit Awards. Restricted stock unit awards are granted under restricted stock unit award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. Restricted stock unit awards may be granted in consideration for any form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to our board of directors and permissible under applicable law. A restricted stock unit award may be settled by cash, delivery of stock, a combination of cash and stock as deemed appropriate by the plan administrator, or in any other form of consideration set forth in the restricted stock unit award agreement. Additionally, dividend equivalents may be credited in respect of shares covered by a restricted stock unit award. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, restricted stock unit awards that have not vested will be forfeited once the participant’s continuous service ends for any reason. TABLE OF CONTENTS Restricted Stock Awards. Restricted stock awards are granted under restricted stock award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. A restricted stock award may be awarded in consideration for cash, check, bank draft or money order, past or future services to us, or any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to our board of directors and permissible under applicable law. The plan administrator determines the terms and conditions of restricted stock awards, including vesting and forfeiture terms. If a participant’s service relationship with us ends for any reason, we may receive any or all of the shares of common stock held by the participant that have not vested as of the date the participant terminates service with us through a forfeiture condition or a repurchase right. Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock appreciation rights are granted under stock appreciation right agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the purchase price or strike price for a stock appreciation right, which generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. A stock appreciation right granted under the 2019 Plan vests at the rate specified in the stock appreciation right agreement as determined by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the term of stock appreciation rights granted under the 2019 Plan, up to a maximum of 10 years. If a participant’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases for any reason other than cause, disability, or death, the participant may generally exercise any vested stock appreciation right for a period of three months following the cessation of service. This period may be further extended in the event that exercise of the stock appreciation right following such termination of service is prohibited by applicable securities laws or our insider trading policy. If a participant’s service relationship with us, or any of our affiliates, ceases due to disability or death, or a participant dies within a certain period following cessation of service, the participant or a beneficiary may generally exercise any vested stock appreciation right for a period of 12 months in the event of disability and 18 months in the event of death. In the event of a termination for cause, stock appreciation rights generally terminate immediately upon the occurrence of the event giving rise to the termination of the individual for cause. In no event may a stock appreciation right be exercised beyond the expiration of its term. Performance Awards. The 2019 Plan permits the grant of performance-based stock and cash awards. Our compensation committee may structure awards so that the stock or cash will be issued or paid only following the achievement of certain pre-established performance goals during a designated performance period. The performance goals that may be selected include one or more of the following: (i) sales; (ii) revenues; (iii) assets; (iv) expenses; (v) market penetration or expansion; (vi) earnings from operations; (vii) earnings before or after deduction for all or any portion of interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, incentives, service fees or extraordinary or special items, whether or not on a continuing operations or an aggregate or per share basis; (viii) net income or net income per common share (basic or diluted); (ix) return on equity, investment, capital or assets; (x) one or more operating ratios; (xi) borrowing levels, leverage ratios or credit rating; (xii) market share; (xiii) capital expenditures; (xiv) cash flow, free cash flow, cash flow return on investment, or net cash provided by operations; (xv) stock price, dividends or total stockholder return; (xvi) development of new technologies or products; (xvii) sales of particular products or services; (xviii) economic value created or added; (xix) operating margin or profit margin; (xx) customer acquisition or retention; (xxi) raising or refinancing of capital; (xxii) successful hiring of key individuals; (xxiii) resolution of significant litigation; (xxiv) acquisitions and divestitures (in whole or in part); (xxv) joint ventures and strategic alliances; (xxvi) spin-offs, split-ups and the like; (xxvii) reorganizations; (xxviii) recapitalizations, restructurings, financings (issuance of debt or equity) or refinancings; (xxix) strategic business criteria, consisting of one or more objectives based on the following goals: achievement of timely development, design management or enrollment, meeting specified market penetration or value added, payor acceptance, patient adherence, peer reviewed publications, issuance of new patents, establishment of or securing of licenses to intellectual property, product development or introduction (including, without limitation, any clinical trial accomplishments, regulatory or other filings, approvals or milestones, discovery of novel products, maintenance of multiple products in pipeline, product launch or other product development milestones), geographic business expansion, cost targets, cost reductions or savings, customer satisfaction, operating efficiency, acquisition or retention, employee satisfaction, information technology, corporate development (including, without limitation, licenses, innovation, research or establishment TABLE OF CONTENTS of third party collaborations), manufacturing or process development, legal compliance or risk reduction, patent application or issuance goals, or goals relating to acquisitions, divestitures or other business combinations (in whole or in part), joint ventures or strategic alliances; and (xxx) other measures of performance selected by the board of directors. The performance goals may be based on company-wide performance or performance of one or more business units, divisions, affiliates, or business segments, and may be either absolute or relative to the performance of one or more comparable companies or the performance of one or more relevant indices. Our board of directors is authorized at any time in its sole discretion, to adjust or modify the calculation of a performance goal for such performance period in order to prevent the dilution or enlargement of the rights of participants, (a) in the event of, or in anticipation of, any unusual or extraordinary corporate item, transaction, event or development; (b) in recognition of, or in anticipation of, any other unusual or nonrecurring events affecting us, or our financial statements in response to, or in anticipation of, changes in applicable laws, regulations, accounting principles, or business conditions; or (c) in view of the board of director’s assessment of our business strategy, performance of comparable organizations, economic and business conditions, and any other circumstances deemed relevant. Specifically, the board of directors is authorized to make adjustments in the method of calculating attainment of performance goals and objectives for a performance period as follows: (i) to exclude the dilutive effects of acquisitions or joint ventures; (ii) to assume that any business divested by us achieved performance objectives at targeted levels during the balance of a performance period following such divestiture; and (iii) to exclude the effect of any change in the outstanding shares of our common stock by reason of any stock dividend or split, stock repurchase, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination or exchange of shares or other similar corporate change, or any distributions to common stockholders other than regular cash dividends. In addition, the board of directors is authorized to make adjustments in the method of calculating attainment of performance goals and objectives for a performance period as follows: (i) to exclude restructuring and/or other nonrecurring charges; (ii) to exclude exchange rate effects, as applicable, for non-U.S. dollar denominated net sales and operating earnings; to exclude the effects of changes to generally accepted accounting standards required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board; (iv) to exclude the effects of any items that are “unusual” in nature or occur “infrequently” as determined under U.S. GAAP; (v) to exclude the effects to any statutory adjustments to corporate tax rates; and (vi) to make other appropriate adjustments selected by the board of directors. Other Stock Awards. The plan administrator may grant other awards based in whole or in part by reference to our common stock. The plan administrator will set the number of shares under the stock award and all other terms and conditions of such awards. Changes to Capital Structure. In the event there is a specified type of change in our capital structure, such as a stock split, reverse stock split, or recapitalization, appropriate adjustments will be made to (1) the class and maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan, (2) the class and maximum number of shares by which the share reserve may increase automatically each year, (3) the class and maximum number of shares that may be issued on the exercise of ISOs and (4) the class and number of shares and exercise price, strike price, or purchase price, if applicable, of all outstanding stock awards. Corporate Transactions. Our 2019 Plan provides that in the event of certain specified significant corporate transactions (or a change in control, as defined below), unless otherwise provided in an award agreement or other written agreement between us and the award holder, the plan administrator may take one or more of the following actions with respect to such stock awards: Arrange for the assumption, continuation, or substitution of a stock award by a successor corporation; Arrange for the assignment of any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by us to a successor corporation; Accelerate the vesting, in whole or in part, of the stock award and provide for its termination if not exercised (if applicable) at or before the effective time of the transaction; Arrange for the lapse, in whole or in part, of any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by us; Cancel or arrange for the cancellation of the stock award, to the extent not vested or not exercised before the effective time of the transaction, in exchange for a cash payment, if any; or TABLE OF CONTENTS Make a payment equal to the excess, if any, of (A) the value of the property the participant would have received on exercise of the award immediately before the effective time of the transaction, over (B) any exercise price payable by the participant in connection with the exercise. The plan administrator is not obligated to treat all stock awards or portions of stock awards in the same manner and is not obligated to take the same actions with respect to all participants. Under the 2019 Plan, a corporate transaction is generally the consummation of: (1) a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, (2) the sale or disposition of more than 50% of our outstanding securities, (3) a merger or consolidation where we do not survive the transaction, or (4) a merger or consolidation where we do survive the transaction but the shares of our common stock outstanding immediately before such transaction are converted or exchanged into other property by virtue of the transaction. Change in Control. In the event of a change in control, the plan administrator may take any of the above-mentioned actions. Awards granted under the 2019 Plan may be subject to additional acceleration of vesting and exercisability upon or after a change in control as may be provided in the applicable stock award agreement or in any other written agreement between us or any affiliate and the participant, but in the absence of such provision, no such acceleration will automatically occur. Under the 2019 Plan, a change in control is generally (1) the acquisition by any person or company of more than 50% of the combined voting power of our then outstanding stock, (2) a merger, consolidation or similar transaction in which our stockholders immediately before the transaction do not own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the surviving entity (or the parent of the surviving entity) in substantially the same proportions as their ownership immediately prior to such transaction, (3) a sale, lease, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets other than to an entity more than 50% of the combined voting power of which is owned by our stockholders in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of our outstanding voting securities immediately prior to such transaction, (4) a complete dissolution or liquidation of the company or (5) when a majority of our board of directors becomes comprised of individuals who were not serving on our board of directors on the date of the underwriting agreement related to the IPO, or the incumbent board, or whose nomination, appointment, or election was not approved by a majority of the incumbent board still in office. Plan Amendment or Termination. Our board of directors has the authority to amend, suspend, or terminate our 2019 Plan; provided that such action does not materially impair the existing rights of any participant without such participant’s written consent. Certain material amendments also require the approval of our stockholders. No ISOs may be granted after the tenth anniversary of the date our board of directors adopts our 2019 Plan. No stock awards may be granted under our 2019 Plan while it is suspended or after it is terminated. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan General. Our board of directors adopted and our stockholders initially approved the 2016 Plan in June 2016. Our board of directors subsequently amended the 2016 Plan in December 2016, June 2018 and November 2018 (and our stockholders subsequently approved the amendments to the 2016 Plan in December 2016 and April 2019) the purpose of which was to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2016 Plan (the June 2018 amendment also amended the 2016 Plan to accelerate in full, all options granted under the plan, upon a change of control (as defined in the 2016 Plan)). The 2016 Plan was terminated in connection with our adoption of the 2019 Plan; however, awards outstanding under the 2016 Plan continue in full effect in accordance with their existing terms. As a result, no additional awards under the 2016 Plan will be granted and all outstanding stock awards granted under the 2016 Plan that are repurchased, forfeited, expired or are cancelled will become available for grant under the 2019 Plan in accordance with its terms. The 2016 Plan will continue to govern outstanding equity awards granted thereunder. Administration. Our board of directors has administered the 2016 Plan since its adoption, however, following the IPO, the compensation committee of our board of directors has generally administered the 2016 Plan. Our compensation committee has full authority and discretion to take any actions it deems necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2016 Plan. Our compensation committee may modify, extend or renew outstanding options or may accept the cancellation of outstanding options (whether granted by us or another issuer) in return for the grant of new options for the same or a different number of shares and at the same or a different exercise price. TABLE OF CONTENTS Types of Awards. The 2016 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options to purchase shares of our common stock, equity appreciation rights awards, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards and other stock-based awards to employees, members of our board of directors and consultants. Incentive Stock Options. The exercise price of options granted under the 2016 Plan may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date. Options expire at the time determined by the administrator, but in no event more than ten years after they are granted, and generally expire earlier if the optionholder’s service terminates. Changes in Capitalization. If we at any time change the number of shares of common stock issued without new consideration (such as by stock dividend or stock split), the total number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock which may be made subject to incentive stock options during the term of the 2016 Plan, and the number of shares of common stock covered by each then outstanding award will be equitably adjusted and the aggregate consideration payable to us, if any, will not be changed. Corporate Transactions. Unless in connection with a change of control, in the event of any merger, consolidation or reorganization of us with or into another entity other than a merger, consolidation or reorganization in which we are the continuing entity and which does not result in the outstanding shares of our common stock being converted into or exchanged for different securities, cash or other property, or any combination thereof, we may substitute, on an equitable basis for each share of common stock then subject to an outstanding award, the number and the kind of shares of stock, other securities, cash or other property to which holders of shares of common stock will be entitled pursuant to the transaction. Change of Control. Unless otherwise expressly provided in the applicable award agreement governing an award, upon a change of control, our board of directors (or a committee thereof) may: Provide for the acceleration of vesting with respect to, all or any portion of an award; Cancel an award for a cash payment equal to the fair market value which, in the case of stock options will be deemed to be equal to the excess, if any, of the value of the consideration to be paid in the change of control transaction to holders of the same number of shares of common stock subject to the options over the aggregate exercise price; Provide for the issuance of a substitute award that will substantially preserve the otherwise applicable terms of any affected award; Terminate unvested stock options without providing accelerated vesting; or Take any other action with respect to the awards our board of directors or committee deems appropriate. The treatment of awards upon a change of control may vary among the award types and participants in the sole discretion of our board of directors. In general, a “change of control” means the acquisition of the company by another entity by means of any transaction or series of related transactions, unless our stockholders of record immediately prior to such transaction or series of related transactions hold, immediately after such transaction or series of related transactions, at least 50% of the voting power of the surviving or acquiring entity; or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, subject to certain exceptions. Transferability. A participant may not transfer stock awards under the 2016 Plan other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or as otherwise provided under the 2016 Plan. Plan Amendment or Termination. Our board of directors has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate the 2016 Plan; provided that such action is approved by our stockholders to the extent stockholder approval is necessary. As described above, the 2016 Plan will terminate upon the effective date of the 2019 Plan. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our board of directors adopted, the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or the ESPP, on April 24, 2019 and our stockholders subsequently approved the ESPP on April 26, 2019. The ESPP became effective TABLE OF CONTENTS immediately prior to the date of the underwriting agreement related to the IPO. The purpose of the ESPP is to secure the services of new employees, to retain the services of existing employees, and to provide incentives for such individuals to exert maximum efforts toward our success and that of our affiliates. The ESPP qualifies as an “employee stock purchase plan” within the meaning of Section 423 of the Code for U.S. employees. Share Reserve. Following the IPO, the ESPP authorized the issuance of 180,000 shares of our common stock under purchase rights granted to our employees or to employees of any of our designated affiliates. The number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2020 through January 1, 2029, by the lesser of (1) 1% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase and (2) 360,000 shares; provided that before the date of any such increase, our board of directors may determine that such increase will be less than the amount set forth in clauses (1) and (2). As of the date hereof, no shares of our common stock have been purchased under the ESPP. Administration. Our board of directors administers the ESPP and may delegate its authority to administer the ESPP to our compensation committee. The ESPP is implemented through a series of offerings under which eligible employees are granted purchase rights to purchase shares of our common stock on specified dates during such offerings. Under the ESPP, we may specify offerings with durations of not more than 27 months, and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering. Each offering will have one or more purchase dates on which shares of our common stock will be purchased for employees participating in the offering. An offering under the ESPP may be terminated under certain circumstances. Payroll Deductions. Generally, all regular employees, including executive officers, employed by us or by any of our designated affiliates, may participate in the ESPP and may contribute, normally through payroll deductions, up to 15% of their earnings (as defined in the ESPP) for the purchase of our common stock under the ESPP. Unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share that is at least the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the first date of an offering or (2) 85% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of purchase. Limitations. Employees may have to satisfy one or more of the following service requirements before participating in the ESPP, as determined by our board of directors, including: (1) being customarily employed for more than 20 hours per week, (2) being customarily employed for more than five months per calendar year or (3) continuous employment with us or one of our affiliates for a period of time (not to exceed two years). No employee may purchase shares under the ESPP at a rate in excess of $25,000 worth of our common stock based on the fair market value per share of our common stock at the beginning of an offering for each calendar year such a purchase right is outstanding. Finally, no employee will be eligible for the grant of any purchase rights under the ESPP if immediately after such rights are granted, such employee has voting power over 5% or more of our outstanding capital stock measured by vote or value under Section 424(d) of the Code. Changes to Capital Structure. In the event that there occurs a change in our capital structure through such actions as a stock split, merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, reincorporation, stock dividend, dividend in property other than cash, large nonrecurring cash dividend, liquidating dividend, combination of shares, exchange of shares, change in corporate structure, or similar transaction, the board of directors will make appropriate adjustments to: (1) the class(es) and maximum number of shares reserved under the ESPP, (2) the class(es) and maximum number of shares by which the share reserve may increase automatically each year, (3) the class(es) and number of shares subject to and purchase price applicable to outstanding offerings and purchase rights and (4) the class(es) and number of shares that are subject to purchase limits under ongoing offerings. Corporate Transactions. In the event of certain significant corporate transactions, any then-outstanding rights to purchase our stock under the ESPP may be assumed, continued, or substituted for by any surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent company). If the surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent company) elects not to assume, continue, or substitute for such purchase rights, then the participants’ accumulated payroll contributions will be used to purchase shares of our common stock within 10 business days before such corporate transaction, and such purchase rights will terminate immediately. Under the ESPP, a corporate transaction is generally the consummation of: (1) a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, (2) the sale or disposition of more than 50% of our outstanding securities, (3) a merger or TABLE OF CONTENTS consolidation where we do not survive the transaction and (4) a merger or consolidation where we do survive the transaction but the shares of our common stock outstanding immediately before such transaction are converted or exchanged into other property by virtue of the transaction. ESPP Amendment or Termination. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate our ESPP; provided that except in certain circumstances such amendment or termination may not materially impair any outstanding purchase rights without the holder’s consent. We will obtain stockholder approval of any amendment to our ESPP as required by applicable law or listing requirements. Non-Employee Director Compensation Under our director compensation policy, we pay each of our non-employee directors a cash retainer for service on the board of directors and for service on each committee on which the director is a member. The chairperson of each committee receives a higher retainer for such service. These retainers are payable in arrears in four equal quarterly installments on the last day of each quarter; provided that the amount of such payment is prorated for any portion of such quarter that the director is not serving on our board of directors or the applicable committee. The retainers to be paid to non-employee directors for service on the board of directors and for service on each committee of the board of directors on which the director is a member are as follows: Board of Directors | | | $40,000 | | | — | Audit committee | | | $10,000 | | | $20,000 | Compensation committee | | | $7,500 | | | $15,000 | Nominating and corporate governance committee | | | $5,000 | | | $10,000 |
On January 11, 2023, the Board voted to increase the annual cash compensation to non-employee directors for service on the committees of the Company’s board of directors as follows: (i) Audit Committee members will receive $10,000 as an annual service retainer with an additional retainer of $20,000 for the chairperson; (ii) Compensation Committee members will receive $7,500 as an annual service retainer with an additional retainer of $15,000 for the chairperson; and (iii) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee members will receive $5,000 as an annual service retainer with an additional retainer of $10,000 for the chairperson. Historically, under our non-employee director compensation policy, each non-employee director who was newly elected to our board of directors received an option to purchase 33,000 shares of our common stock. The shares subject to each such stock option vest monthly over a three-year period, subject to the director’s continued service as a director. Further, on the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, each non-employee director that continues to serve as a non-employee director received an option to purchase 16,500 shares of our common stock. The shares subject to each such stock option vest in equal monthly installments over the 12 months following the date of grant and, notwithstanding the foregoing, fully vest on the date of Company’s next annual stockholder meeting, subject to the director’s continued service as a director. The exercise price per share of these options is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. On January 11, 2023, the Board voted to increase the number of shares subject to annual equity grants to its non-employee directors to 20,000 shares per director, to be granted entirely in the form of RSUs, and to increase the number of shares subject to the initial equity grants to each non-employee director who newly elected to our board of directors for the first time to 40,000 shares, to be granted entirely in the form of RSUs. On December 21, 2023, the Board voted to increase the number of shares subject to annual equity grants to its non-employee directors to 45,000 shares per director and number of shares subject to the initial equity grants to its non-employee directors in an amount to be determined at the time the Board next adds a new director, in each case, to be granted entirely in the form of RSUs. Such increases to director compensation were made following a review of compensation practices of our peer companies by our independent compensation consultant, AON Radford Global Compensation Consulting. All equity awards (whether options or RSUs) granted under this policy will vest in full upon the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the 2019 Plan) prior to the termination of the director’s continuous service. TABLE OF CONTENTS This policy is intended to provide a total compensation package that enables us to attract and retain qualified and experienced individuals to serve as directors and to align our directors’ interests with those of our stockholders. 2023 Director Compensation Table The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation earned for service on our board of directors by our non-employee directors during the year ended December 31, 2023. Dr. Shendelman also served on our board of directors, but did not receive any additional compensation for her service as a director while serving as an employee and therefore is not included in the table below. The compensation for Dr. Shendelman as a named executive officer is set forth above under “- Summary Compensation Table.” Mr. Funtleyder was appointed as Chief Financial Officer and principal financial officer of the Company, effective as of November 20, 2023, and as of and after such date no longer received any additional compensation for his service as a member of any committees of our board of directors. Les Funtleyder ceased receiving any additional compensation for his service as a director on December 31, 2023. Les Funtleyder | | | 48,750 | | | 626,400 | | | 675,150 | Joel S. Marcus | | | 56,250 | | | 29,400 | | | 85,650 | Teena Lerner, Ph.D. | | | 59,375 | | | 29,400 | | | 88,775 | Stacy J. Kanter | | | 65,000 | | | 29,400 | | | 94,400 | Jay Skyler | | | 63,125 | | | 29,400 | | | 92,525 |
(1)
| In accordance with SEC rules, this column reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of the equity awards granted during fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, computed in accordance with ASC 718. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note 7, “Stock-Based Compensation” to our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. |
(2)
| One-fourth of these 20,000 restricted stock units, granted on June 6, 2023, vested on each of September 6, 2023, December 6, 2023, March 6, 2024 and the remainder will vest the date which is the earlier of June 6, 2024 and the 2024 annual stockholder meeting, subject to continued service through each such date. |
The following table provides information regarding the number of shares of common stock underlying stock options and restricted stock units granted to each of the individuals who served as our non-employee directors in 2023 that were outstanding as of December 31, 2023. Joel S. Marcus | | | 0 | | | 10,000(4) | Teena Lerner, Ph.D. | | | 87,631(1) | | | 10,000(4) | Stacy J. Kanter | | | 63,690(2) | | | 10,000(4) | Jay Skyler | | | 63,690(2) | | | 10,000(4) | Les Funtleyder | | | 104,192(3) | | | 297,500(5) |
(1)
| Represents options to purchase shares of our common stock that were fully vested as of December 31, 2023, granted pursuant to awards made on each of: (i) March 18, 2019; (ii) May 13, 2019; (iii) June 4, 2020; (iv) June 3, 2021; and (v) June 3, 2022, less applicable exercises. |
(2)
| Represents options to purchase shares of our common stock that were fully vested as of December 31, 2023, granted pursuant to awards made on each of: (i) May 13, 2019; (ii) June 4, 2020; (iii) June 3, 2021; and (iv) June 3, 2022. |
(3)
| Represents options to purchase shares of our common stock that were fully vested as of December 31, 2023, granted pursuant to awards made on each of: (i) March 7, 2019, (ii) June 4, 2020; (iii) June 3, 2021; and (iv) June 3, 2022. |
(4)
| Represents the portion of the grant of 20,000 restricted stock units made to each director as of June 6, 2023 that remained unvested as of December 31, 2023. One-fourth of these restricted stock units vested on each of September 6, 2023, December 6, 2023, March 6, 2024 and the remainder will vest the date which is the earlier of June 6, 2024 and the 2024 annual stockholder meeting, subject to continued service through each such date. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS (5)
| Represents the (A) portion of the grant of 20,000 restricted stock units made to each director as of June 6, 2023 that remained unvested as of December 31, 2023 and (B) portion of the grant of 300,000 restricted stock units made to Mr. Funtleyder on November 20, 2023 in connection with his appointment as Chief Financial Officer, which vest in equal monthly installments over the two-year period following November 20, 2023, subject to continued service through each such date, that remained unvested as of December 31, 2023. |
Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans Our directors and executive officers may adopt written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell our common shares on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The director or officer may amend a Rule 10b5-1 plan in some circumstances and may terminate a plan at any time. Our directors and executive officers also may buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material nonpublic information subject to compliance with the terms of our insider trading policy. Prohibitions against Hedging and Pledging As part of our insider trading policy, all directors and employees of the Company, including our executive officers, are prohibited from engaging in hedging or monetization transactions (such as prepaid variable forwards, equity swaps, collars and exchange funds) involving our securities, holding our securities in a margin account or pledging our securities as collateral for a loan. TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS The following includes a summary of certain relationships and transactions, including transactions since January 1, 2022 and any currently proposed transactions, to which we were or are to be a participant, in which (1) the amount involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of (i) $120,000 or (ii) 1% of the average of our total assets for the last two completed fiscal years, and (2) any of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any affiliate or member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation and other arrangements that are described under the section titled “Executive and Director Compensation” in this proxy statement. We believe the terms obtained or consideration that we paid or received, as applicable, in connection with the transactions described below were comparable to terms available or the amounts that we would pay or receive, as applicable, in arm’s-length transactions. Indemnification Agreements We have entered or intend to enter, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with some of our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”). These indemnification agreements provide our directors and executive officers with contractual rights to indemnification and, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors and officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as a director or officer, or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. For more information regarding these indemnification agreements, see “Management — Limitation on Liability and Indemnification Matters” in the Annual Report. Related Person Transaction Policy We have adopted a written related person transaction policy that sets forth our procedures for the identification, review, consideration and approval or ratification of related person transactions. For purposes of this policy only, a “related person transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which we and any related person are participants involving an amount that exceeds or will exceed the lesser of (1) $120,000 or, for such time as the Company qualifies as a “smaller reporting company” (2) 1% of the average of our total assets for the last two completed fiscal years. Transactions involving compensation for services provided to us as an employee, consultant or director are not considered related-person transactions under this policy. A transaction, arrangement or relationship in which a related person’s participation is solely due to the related person’s position as a director of an entity that is participating in such transaction, arrangement or relationship shall not be considered a related person transaction under this policy. A “related person” is any executive officer, director, nominee to become a director or a holder of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any affiliate or member of the immediate family of the foregoing. Under the policy, where a transaction has been identified as a related-person transaction, management must present information regarding the proposed related-person transaction to our nominating and corporate governance committee or, where review by our nominating and corporate governance committee would be inappropriate due to a conflict of interest, to the board of directors or another independent body of our board of directors, for review. The presentation must include a description of, among other things, all of the parties, the direct and indirect interests of the related persons, the purpose of the transaction, the material facts, the benefits of the transaction to us and whether any alternative transactions are available, an assessment of whether the terms are comparable to the terms available from unrelated third parties and management’s recommendation with respect to the related person transaction. To identify related person transactions in advance, we rely on information supplied by our executive officers, directors and certain significant stockholders. The nominating and corporate governance committee shall consider all the relevant available facts and circumstances, including, but not limited to, whether the related person transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction. The nominating and corporate governance committee shall approve only those related person transactions that, in light of known circumstances, are in, or are not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, as the nominating and corporate governance committee determines in the good faith exercise of its discretion. TABLE OF CONTENTS STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS FOR 20232025 ANNUAL MEETING Submission of Stockholder Proposals for Inclusion in Next Year’s Annual Meeting Proxy Statement Any proposal or proposals by a stockholder intended to be included in the proxy statement and form of proxy relating to the 20232025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders must be received by the Company no later than December 16, 202223, 2024 and must comply with the other proxy solicitation rules promulgated by the SEC and with the procedures set forth in the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”).Bylaws. Proposals should be sent to the Secretary of the Company at 545 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1400, New York, NY 10017. Nothing in this paragraph shall be deemed to require the Company to include in its proxy statement and proxy relating to the 20232025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders any stockholder proposal which may be omitted from the proxy materials according to applicable regulations of the SEC in effect at the time the proposal is received. Other Stockholder Proposals for Presentation at Next Year’s Annual Meeting A stockholder who wishes to submit a proposal or nominate a candidate to serve as a director for consideration at the 20232025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders outside the processes of Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and therefore will not be included in the proxy statement for such meeting must timely deliver a written notice in accordance with the requirements, including eligibility and information required in such notice, set forth in Section 5 of the Bylaws. To be timely, such written notice must be received by the Secretary of the Company at its principal executive offices, 545 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1400, New York, NY 10017, not earlier than the close of business on February 2, 2023,6, 2025, nor later than the close of business on March 4, 2023.8, 2025. In the event that next year’s annual meeting is not scheduled to occur within 30 days of June 2, 20236, 2025 (the anniversary of the 2022 Annual Meeting), the written notice must be received (i) not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and (ii) not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. Universal Proxy Rules
To comply with the universal proxy rules, stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Company’s nominees must provide notice that sets forth the information required by Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act no later than April 3, 2023.
TABLE OF CONTENTS The Company knows of no other matters to be submitted to the stockholders at the SpecialAnnual Meeting, other than the proposals referred to in this proxy statement. If any other matters properly come before the stockholders at the SpecialAnnual Meeting, it is the intention of the proxy holders to vote the shares represented thereby on such matters in accordance with their best judgment. | | | By Order of the Board of Directors, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Shoshana Shendelman, Ph.D. | | | | Chair of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Secretary | |
New York, New York
April , 2024 | | | |